Periodontal therapy aims at arresting periodontal infection and maintaining a healthy periodontium. The periodic mechanical removal of subgingival microbial biofilms is essential for controlling inflammatory periodontal disease. Mechanical periodontal therapy consists of scaling, root planing, and gingival curettage. The sonic and ultrasonic scalers are valuable tools in the prevention of periodontal disease. The vibration of scaler tips is the main effect of removing the deposits from the dental surface, such as bacterial plaque, calculus and endotoxin. However, the constant flushing activity of the lavage used to cool the tips and cavitational activity results in the disruption of the weak and unattached subgingival plaque. The aim of the study was to review the safety, efficacy, role, and deleterious side effects of sonic and ultrasonic scalers in mechanical periodontal therapy.
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